Risk of the development of postoperative hemophthalmos in patients with diabetic retinopathy and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Authors

  • S.O. Rykov Shupyk National Healthcare University, Kyiv, Ukraine
  • S.S. Lytvinenko Shupyk National Healthcare University, Kyiv, Ukraine

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22141/2309-8147.10.1.2022.288

Keywords:

closed subtotal vitrectomy, post-operative hemo­phthalmos, prognosis, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic maculopathy, type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Background. The vascular disruption, which develops in diabetic retinopathy (DR), is a direct consequence of the persistent hyperglycemia on the background of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and is accompanied both by an idiopathic hemophthalmos and a hemophthalmos after advanced vitreoretinal surgeries for DR or diabetic maculopathy. The study was aimed to assess risks of post-operative hemophthalmos emergence in cases of diabetic retinopathy and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods. The study included 118 patients (118 eyes) with DM2 and DR. They were divided into 3 groups. Group I consisted of patients with mild non-proliferative DR (NPDR; 28 eyes); II group included moderate to severe NPDR (49 eyes); group III included patients with proliferative DR (PDR; 41 eyes). The patients’ age varied between 44 and 84 years; 52 men (44.1 %) and 66 women (55.9 %). All patients underwent 25+ closed subtotal vitrectomy with gas as air tamponade, internal limiting membrane peeling, and panretinal photocoagulation. EZR v.1.54 package was used to build mathematical models (graphic interface for R statistical software v.4.0.3, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria). Results. Within 3 months after vitrectomy, a post-ope­rative hemophthalmos developed in 33.1 % of cases. Through a one-factor logistic regression modelling, it was found that the risk of post-operative hemophthalmos was positively correlated (p < 0.05) with: age (OR = 1.18; 95% IR 1.10–1.26), DM2 duration (OR = 1.06; 95% IR 1.01–1.18), presence of pre-surgical hemophthalmos (OR = 5.66; 95% IR 1.05–30.6), and blood level of HbA1c (OR = 1.40; 95% IR 1.20–1.64). Moreover, a multi-factor logistic regression model for post-operative hemophthalmos prognosis was developed, which included age, DR stage, improvement ratio of the DM2 status as per blood level of HbA1c, and HbA1c blood level. The model decision threshold was Ycrit = 0.296, with sensitivity level of 89.7 % (95% IR 75.8–97.1 %), specificity level of 84.8 % (95% IR 75.0–91.9 %). Conclusions. 1. It was determined that the risk of hemophthalmos emergence after advanced vitreoretinal surgery for DR, DMP, and DM2 was positively correlated (p < 0.05) with: age (OR = 1.18; 95% IR 1.10–1.26), DM2 duration (OR = 1.06; 95% IR 1.01–1.18), presence of pre-surgical hemophthalmos (OR = 5.66; 95% IR 1.05–30.6), and blood level of HbA1c (OR = 1.40; 95% IR 1.20–1.64). 2. The multi-factor logistic regression model of hemophthalmos prognosis after vitreoretinal surgeries included four factor features: age and DR stage, as well as improvement ratio of the DM2 status as per blood level of HbA1c, and HbA1c blood level. The model decision threshold was Ycrit = 0.296, with sensitivity level of 89.7 % (95% IR 75.8–97.1%), specificity level of 84.8 % (95% IR 75.0–91.9 %).

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Published

2022-05-17

Issue

Section

Ophthalmosurgery

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